Ch3 - L4 Demonstrative pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns stand in for a person, place or thing that must be referred to in a sentence.

4.1 Exercise

Learn the following demonstrative pronouns.

SE11 - Personal Pronouns (Review)

Review and Enforcement - Personal Pronouns

Personal Endings / Suffixes

The ending of the verb changes to indicate in which person the verb is being spoken ie, when the person doing the action changes. Eg: 1st person ( I) = man i.e. ends with – am.

(*for He, she, it - 3rd person past tense the -ad is dropped – there is no ending.)

The following table shows the adjective good (خوب khub) & the verb ‘to be’ ( بودن budan هست = hast in the present tense) with all the personal endings shown in the RED text:(-am, -i, -eh, -im, -id, -and).

The verb ‘to be’ (longer and formal) is used in the longer versions on the right of the ‘=’ character. The ones on the left are the ‘contracted’ informal forms.

SE10 - Persian Personal Endings

In the boxes, provide the correct Persian Personal Pronoun or the appropriate Personal Ending to complete the sentence:

The meaning of some of the words you may not know are given below:

Equal                 برابر  
Creation       آفرينش

Fill in the blanks with the words provided:

او – پیشتر – شما – بزرگتر – ما – جوانتر – تو – بیشتر – من 

.ای پدر __ که در آسمانی نام ___ مقدس باد. ملکوت __ بیاید

.نان کفاف ___ را امروز به ___ بده و قرضهای ___ را ببخش

نخست در پی پادشاهی خدا و انجام اراده __ باشید انگاه همه اینها نیز به ____  عطا خواهد شد

داوری نکنید تا بر ___ داوری نشود

آیا ___ از پدر ___ یعقوب ____ هستی؟

آیا مرا ____ از اینها محبت می نمائی؟

زمانی که ____ بودی ... هرجاکه میخواستی میرفتی

بنده از ارباب خود ____ نیست

اگر جهان ___ را دشمن دارد بدانید ____ از ___ مرا دشمن داشته است

حکم ___ به ____ اینست که یکدیگر را محبت نمایید

Ch 3 - L3 Personal Pronouns & Their Related Verb Endings

The following table gives you a list of personal pronouns and their related verb ending:

Adding Personal Endings to a verb makes it clear who or what is performing the action of the verb. Try to learn them off by heart as the meaning of the verb will be lost if you use the wrong ending. In the example below we take the present tense form of the verb:

•  ‘to be’ > (  هست hast)

and show all of the personal verb endings highlighted in red. You will be familiar with this word if you have been listening to the Audio Lessons ( 1, 2, 3, 4) that accompany this course.

to be هست



Note:

The verb ‘to be’ does not follow the normal grammatical rules.

3rd person singular (‘he is’) is not using the personal ending, but uses the word است



Not to be نیست

Note:

The verb ‘not to be’ does not follow the normal grammatical rules.3 rd person singular (‘he is not’) does not use the personal ending.

Note the difference between

هست and است

No need to stress over it - but because many keen students have asked – “What's the

difference?” - We will try to answer them:

است (derived from بودن to be ) conveys the same meaning as ' is '

Example: God’s name is Jehovah. نام خدا یهوه است

The verb هست (from the Infinitive هستن ) indicates presence & existence conveying the meaning : ' there is, exists'.

Example: There is a Bible on the table روي ميز يك كتاب مقدس هست

(As there will sometimes be exceptions to the rule the explanation given may not always be consistent with how these two words appear in every situation you encounter.)



3.1 Exercise

How do you say the following in Farsi:

I am …………. 

YOU are (formal) …………. 

He is …………..

They are not …………

We are  ………

you are (informal) …………

I am not …………

It is not ………………

3.2 Exercise

Circle or highlight the personal pronoun in English that has the correct personal verbal ending written in Farsi. Perhaps use a pencil so you can do the exercise again later.

3.3 Exercise

Read the following out loud:

To try Supplementary Exercise 10 click here.

To try Supplementary Exercise 11 click here.

The supplement document includes a review of the personal pronouns with the verbal endings using the sentence:

I am good, you are good in both formal & everyday speech

Expand on Exercise 3.1 by repeating the exercise & this time add the word good as used in Farsi - Step by Step Supplementary Exercise 11.